UH-28 Black Falcon

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UH-28 Black Falcon

Factory scheme of the UH-28 Black Falcon
Type Utility Helicopter
Manufacturer Borland Aerospace Systems
Maiden flight 21 April 1984
Introduction 1984
Status active
Primary users Cravanian Army
Royal Air Service
Royal Cravanian Navy
See Operators for further usage
Produced 1984-
Number built 200,000+
Unit cost $6.82 million USD

The UH-28 Black Falcon is a medium multi-use utility helicopter designed by the Cravan-based corporation Borland Aerospace Systems. Originally designed for the Armed Forces of Cravan, the UH-28 has since been exported to over xx different nations and has seen service in theatres around the world since its inception in 1984. Currently the largest users of the UH-28 are the Cravanian Army and Willinkian Royal Army, however the UH-28 also sees widespread use in other services such as the Skyian Republican Army.

Contents

Development

Development of the UH-28 began in the mid 1970's while the Aequatian designed MH-20 Shadowcat was still in service with the Cravanian military. The Cravanian military was, overall, unsatisfied with some of the Shadowcat's performance and felt it could improve in several areas, mostly around its cargo carrying ability and in other areas such as speed and sheer lifting power. The Cravanian government issued a call to four domestic corporations, however only two, Raelfen Aerospace and Borland Aerospace Systems, managed to complete their projects in the specified time period.

The military began running trials in early 1984, comparing the two aircraft and their performance capabilities. After a mere two months of testing, the Cravanian military felt the obvious choice was the UH-28 as it outperformed the Raelfen competitor in nearly every aspect. By the end of the year, the UH-28A was adopted by the Cravanian military.

Following its adoption by the Cravanian military, the UH-28 was made available for foreign export and service. Willink was among the first foreign users to commission the aircraft, with access to many of the Cravanian electronic systems and services.

Over the course of its service, numerous upgrades were performed to the baseline and all derivative Cravanian variants. Currently the latest basic variant of the UH-28 is the UH-28C, in general use with numerous armed forces worldwide.

Design

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Foreign Export

The Cravanian government manages all electronic systems and materials placed in its domestic variants, however the airframes and mechanics of the UH-28 are available for export to most nations which contact Borland Aerospace with interest. Domestic production by a licensed producer is sometimes an option, however more commonly Borland will either produce export versions for foreign orders or ask to establish facilities in an ordering nation and produce both their order and other foreign orders. Unless given clearance by the Cravanian government, all electronic systems and otherwise are banned for export and are instead replaced with equivalent or similar systems which the purchasing government chooses. Some governments, however, have access to some or all Cravanian electronic systems, as outlined further below.

The UH-28 is currently in service with over x nations' armed services, and has proven to be a popular aircraft on the international defense market.

Variants

Domestic Variants

The following units have been developed for and used by the Cravanian Armed Forces at some point in time. Some have been cleared for export to certain nations.

Utility

  • UH-28A Black Falcon: Original production model; entered service with Cravanian Army in 1984.
  • UH-28B Black Falcon: Upgraded model produced in 1987; added H700-FA-9770 gas turbine engines rated at 1,880hp, improved shock absorbers, and updated electronics suite.
  • UH-28C Black Falcon: Upgraded model produced in 1995; further updated electronics suite and added more flexible electronic systems mounts for further smaller scale electronics system upgrades, and improved durability gearbox. Last system upgrade in 2007.
  • SH-28C Sea Falcon: Navalized UH-28C standard.

Special Applications

  • EH-28B Black Falcon: Electronic warfare/surveillance variant with space for two electronics operators. Phased out of service in mid 1996 with renovation to standard C type.
  • EH-28C Black Falcon: EH-28B modified with additional sensory systems for target acquisition and relay. Phased out of service in mid 1997.
  • HH-28Q Mercy Falcon: UH-28C standard with modified accomodations to fit six litters; combat medical evacuation variant.
  • HH-28G Mercy Falcon: UH-28Q outfitted with more advanced and mission-specific medical equipment modifications for emergency transport. Modifications include externally mounted rescue winch, external refueling probe, environmental controls, on-board oxygen systems, mechanical lift litter system, drop-down ambulatory seats. Crew chief and flight medic positions relocated to back of cabin.
  • MH-28AX Black Falcon: Experimental variant outfitted with FLIR, advanced navigational suite, precision GPS guidance suite, and integrated networking support. Developed in 1989, features put into standard C version in 1995.
  • MH-28D Shadow Falcon: Cravanian-specific Special Operations variant. Extensively modified with sensitive navigational and sensory systems for use with Special Forces Command units, particularly CSAS. Also sports a refueling probe, strengthened pintle mounts for heavier weapons mountings, and addition mountings for more modular uses of the aircraft as a fire support platform.
  • SMH-28D Tsunami Falcon: Navalized version of the MH-28D.
  • MH-28E Shadow Falcon Direct Action Penetrator (DAP): MH-28D specially modified for direct combat action and fire support with reinforced external stub wings as standard. Can mount standard Hydra-70mm or Hydra-85mm rocket pods, Standard Helicopter Missile Armament Pods (SHMAP), EA177 40mm automatic grenade launcher or EA134 30mm gatling guns. The EA134 can be mounted both on wing pylons and used on strengthened pintle mounts in the forward compartment doors.
  • AH-28E Battle Falcon: MH-28E outfitted with further weapons mountings. Interior troop accomodations limited for the storage of additional ammunition and weapons mountings on the doors.
  • VH-60D Peregrine Falcon: Specialized VIP transport modified with climate control and luxurious interior accomodations. Used for transport of politicians and other such public figures.

Foreign Variants

The following units are foreign export versions and variants developed domestically by foreign users.

Utility

  • UH-28BE Black Falcon: Baseline UH-28B export version with all Cravanian-specific sensitive electronics stripped. Mostly only in service where an upgrade to C standard mechanical components never occurred.
  • UH-28E Black Falcon: Baseline UH-28C export version with all Cravanian-specific sensitive electronics stripped. All foreign UH-28's in service are of this variance with foreign electronics replacing Cravanian electronics and systems unless otherwise stated.
  • SH-28E Sea Falcon: Navalized UH-28E standard.
  • UH-28W Super Falcon: Domestic variant developed by Willink, built upon UH-28E, featuring upgraded engine, implementation of Willinkian sensors and improved navigation system.
  • UH-28F Super Kestrel: Domestic variant developed by Hamptonshire, built upon UH-28E, featuring upgraded engine, composite rotor blades, improved sensor suite and optional conformal fuel tanks for increased range.
  • UH-28X Super Peregrine: Domestic variant developed by Akimonad, built upon UH-28E, featuring more powerful engine from Ytterby Defence Works, composite rotor blades, Akimonadi-specific avionics and sensors and navigation based on GPS with WAAS, LAAS and WAGE augmentation.
  • SH-28H Sea Peregrine: Domestic variant of Sea Falcon developed by Akimonad featuring YDW engine and Akimonadi anti-ship missiles and torpedoes mounted on stub wings.
  • Black Falcon AH.1: Domestic variant of UH-28E standard aircraft by Alliance Rotowerks AG of Aequatio for use by the Aequatian Army, uses Cravanian engines with Aequatian avionics, sensors, electronics, software and weapons.

Special Applications

  • HH-28QE Mercy Falcon: UH-28E standard with modified accomodations to fit six litters; combat medical evacuation variant.
  • HH-28GE Mercy Falcon: UH-28QE outfitted with more advanced and mission-specific medical equipment modifications for emergency transport. Modifications include externally mounted rescue winch, environmental controls, on-board oxygen systems, mechanical lift litter system, drop-down ambulatory seats. Crew chief and flight medic positions relocated to back of cabin.
  • VH-60E Peregrine Falcon: Specialized VIP transport modification of the UH-28E with climate control and luxurious interior accomodations. Used for transport of politicians and other such public figures.
  • MH-28K Black Falcon: Domestic variant of Shadow Falcon developed by Willink for special operations usage featuring extremely advanced electronic instrumentation and navigation systems, as well as streamlined fuel tanks for increased range.
  • MH-28S Grey Kestrel: Domestic variant of Shadow Falcon developed by Hamptonshire featuring an upgraded engine, composite rotor blades, composite body panels, improved sensor suite and electronic countermeasures, and capabilities to control UAVs. Designed for use by special operations units.
  • AH-28S Dark Kestrel: Domestic variant of Battle Falcon developed by Hamptonshire featuring an upgraded engine, composite rotor blades, improved sensor suite and weapon systems. A millimeter-wave Fire Control Radar is housed in a dome installed over the main rotor.
  • EH-28G Peregrine: Domestic variant of Shadow Falcon developed by Akimonad for electronic warfare and surveillance. Can carry AN/ALQ-99 integrated jamming pods and anti-radiation missiles on reinforced stub wings as well as improved avionics, sensors and countermeasures.
  • AH-28Q Attack Peregrine: Domestic variant of Battle Falcon developed by Akimonad featuring 30mm cannon and laser-guided rockets plus anti-tank guided missiles and a nose-mounted grenade machine gun replacing ventral FLIR.
  • EH-28C Command Falcon: Domestic variant of Shadow Falcon developed by Akimonad as an airborne command and control helicopter. Features advanced surveillance equipment, Akimonadi FLIR systems and enhanced avionics and communications. Also outfitted with 20mm pintle-mounted cannon and two IR-guided air-to-air missiles for self-defense.
  • RH-28X Spy Falcon: Domestic variant of Shadow Falcon developed by Akimonad to serve as a separate recon unit as well as targeting support for Attack Peregrines. Equipped with advanced FLIR as well as targeting pods and laser designators mounted on stub wings. Also has the capability to illuminate targets for radar-guided missiles.
  • HH-28R Sparrowhawk: Variant of Super Peregrine developed by Akimonad as Combat Search-and-Rescue (CSAR) platform. Features radar warning receiver, FLIR, infrared jammer and countermeasures as well as refueling probe.
  • HH-28C Pelican: Variant of Sea Peregrine developed by Akimonad as a search-and-rescue platform for the Coastal Guard. Jayhawk is also used for interdiction and cargo lift. Features rescue equipment as well as 20mm pintle-mounted cannon for use in interdiction.
  • VH-28Y Executive Peregrine: Variant of Super Peregrine developed by Akimonad as VIP transport.
  • NH-28 Akicopter: Variant of Super Peregrine painted entirely like the Flag of Akimonad. Used as a symbol of patriotism and national pride and also for diplomatic/peaceful missions to friendly states.


Operators

1Utilizes all Cravanian-specific variants/systems.
2Has access to some/most Cravanian-specific variants/electronics.
3Foreign entity that has domestic production license by approved manufacturer.
4Foreign entity that has units produced domestically by Borland facilities.

Specifications (UH-28C)

General characteristics

  • Cost: $6.82 million
  • Crew: 4 (Pilot, Co-Pilot, 2 Crew Chiefs)
  • Capacity: 1,220.21kg cargo internally (including 15 troops or 6 litters) or 4,090kg cargo externally
  • Length: 19.62m
  • Rotor diameter: 16.25m
  • Height: 5.14m
  • Empty weight: 4,920kg
  • Maximum gross takeoff weight: 11,242kg
  • Powerplant: 2 x Feldsworth Automotive Air Division H700-FA-9770 gas turbines, rated at 1,880hp each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 172kt (318.5kph)
  • Cruising speed: 160kt (296.3kph)
  • Combat Radius: 590km
  • Ferry Range: 2,140km
  • Service ceiling: 5,740m
  • Rate of climb: 4.1m/s

Armament

  • 2 x Forward modular pintle mounts (see variants for further armaments)

Secondary Systems

  • Central 2.2Ghz Aura parallel computing core with LT4 Kentford Software
  • UEBCS IV with C300P UC2N network support (switched out for foreign equivalents in export)
  • K25 FLIR Mk. III, 3rd Generation
  • K7 Advanced Imaging Suite
  • MF2A LADAR Detection Suite
  • S2 Surveillance/Landing-assist camera
  • PAQ/A01D Advanced Helmet-Mounted Cuing System
  • F2A Millimeter-Band Search and Tracking RADAR
  • NG5 Countermeasure Dispenser
  • NG7 Missile Warning System
  • NG20 Radio Frequency Countermeasure Suite
  • NG34 Advanced Threat Infrared Countermeasures
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