Jeuna

華國共和國
*Huáguó Gònghéguó*
Republic of Jeuna
華國共和國; Huáguó Gònghéguó Republic of Jeuna
Flag	Coat of arms
	Motto: Liberty, Justice, Dignity; 自決，正義，尊嚴; (Zìjué, Zhèngyì, Zūnyán)
	Anthem: "Beautiful and Graceful Jeuna"; 「美麗和優雅的華國」; ("Měilì hé Yōuyǎde Huáguó");
Capital	Qiao
Largest city	Yingang
Official languages	Jeunese[1]
Demonym	Jeunese
Government	Constitutional unitary republic
Legislature	National Parliament
Consolidation
Area
Population
GDP (PPP)	2010 estimate
Gini (2010)	49.0
HDI (2010)	1.104 (very high) (1st)
Currency	Various[2]
Time zone	Qiao Time (KMT+6)
Date formats	yyyy-mm-dd; yyyy年m月d日; (CE; CE+2697)
Drives on the	left[3]
Internet TLD	.jna
Calling code	+562
1	^ De facto official.
2	^ Jeuna maintains no legal tender laws. The yin, jin and chi are the most popular.
3	^ No standard; LHD is the most prevalent.

From WikiStates

Jump to: navigation, search

Jeuna, officially the Republic of Jeuna (known in Jeunese as 華國共和國; pinyin: Huáguó Gònghéguó) is a country in East Aerova, bordering the United Solar Republics, Daibac, the Green Sea and Terra di Vittorio.

Jeuna is a constitutional republic and unitary state, made up of 26 province-level divisions, including 20 provinces, 4 provincial municipalities and 2 autonomous regions. It is governed as a parliamentary republic, with its seat of government in Qiao, the capital.

Jeuna has a history spanning close to 5,000 years, and is one of the oldest civilisations in the world, with its foundation dating back to c. 2750 BC with the mythic establishment of Jeuna by the Jade Emperor, one of the Three Immortals. The Lancang River basin of Central Jeuna is the cradle of Ming Jeunese civilization, and has been inhabited since the Lower Palaeolithic era. Jeuna was unified under one emperor by the Jun Dynasty in 214 BC, and continued under a dynastic system until 1901, when the Republic of Jeuna was established with a new constitution.

Jeuna predominantly lies in an equatorial climate, and spans 2,673,418 square kilometres, and the population was recorded as of 2010 at 530,264,962, giving Jeuna a density of 198.4 people per square kilometre.

Etymology

Jeuna as a nation is poetically known as Yánzàihuáguó (Chinese: 妍載華國) in Mandarin Jeunese, translated as 'beautiful and splendid state' or 'country', while its political name for the Republican government is Huáguó Gònghéguó (Chinese: 華國共和國). It is more commonly referred to as Huáguó (Chinese: 華國).

The origin of the English construct 'Jeuna' is generally accepted as having arisen from the Jun Dynasty, who first unified the country in the third century BC. This is also arguably the source of the prefixes "Juno-" and "Jun-". It must be noted that some native French speakers will pronounce the name with with a /ʒ/ initial instead of a /dʒ/ initial, making the word "Jeuna" into a homophone with jeune, "yellow". This has taken on the form of a racial epithet; see Yellow Peril.

History

Main articles: History of Jeuna and Timeline of Jeunese history

Ancient Jeuna was one of the first civilizations to arise. It was also one of the few civilizations whose distinctive commonality is the independent development of a writing system.

Prehistory

Archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest hominids in Jeuna arrived between 2.24 million to 250,000 years ago. A cave in Longgudong (just north of present-day Qiao) has fossils dated at somewhere between 300,000 to 550,000 years. The fossils are of Chiao Man, an example of Homo erectus who used fire.

The earliest evidence of a fully modern human in Jeuna comes from Shuangcheng County, Guangbei, where a cranium has been found and dated to approximately 67,000 years ago.

Dynastic rule

Main article: Dynasties in Jeunese history

The first dynasty in Jeuna is by tradition the Wei Dynasty, followed by the Zeng Dynasty, the Xi Dynasty, the Tian Dynasty, the Chun Dynasty, the Zhi Dynasty and the Zong Dynasty. The Zong were in turn conquered by the Qiu Dynasty. The Qiu's rule lasted from the 10th to the 5th century BC, when warlordism finally eroded the last vestiges of the Qiu's order, leading to the Warring States Period, which would eventually give way to the rise of the Jun Dynasty in 214 BC as a unifying force, who set up the office of Emperor. The Jun Dynasty was supplanted by the Ming Dynasty, after only twelve years of rule.

During the rule of the Ming, which lasted from 202 BC to 240 AD, Jeunese was standardised within the bureaucracy. The Ming emperors expanded their territory considerably during their rule, and created a lasting cultural identity within Jeuna in the concept of the Ming Jeunese. The Ming were the first in Jeunese history to put into writing the duties, powers and restrictions of various offices, making it a primitive constitution. Under Ming rule, in order to pacify rebellion, several policies of the Jun were rolled back, and a more federal system of government instituted.

During the subsequent rule of the Chen and Zhao dynasties, Jeunese culture was at its zenith. The Zhao dynasty was the first government to establish a navy, and Zhao rule saw a dramatic increase in population, brought about by improved rice cultivation techniques. Art, literature and philosophy blossomed. Jeunese mathematics and scientific developments enjoyed new levels of maturity during this period. The Qun Dynasty proceeded after the Zhao.

In 1279, the Qarsuq leader Bökeqan Khan established the Zhu Dynasty, with the last of the Qun falling in 1284. In 1334, a peasant named Fang Panbang, later known as the Liangwu Emperor, overthrew the Zhu and established the Sheng Dynasty. The Sheng later fell to the Cheng in 1649, who established a Hechu state. The Cheng lasted until 1901, when the Xinchou Revolution forced the Hechu Emperor to step down.

Republic of Jeuna

The history of the Republic of Jeuna begins with the abdication of Emperor Ningxi and the transfer of interim governing authority to his Premier, Miao Ruixin, on 7 September, 1901. Miao was supplanted by Tung Kang-han in the Provisional Government.

The early days of the Republic were characterised chiefly by Juno-Kampferian Cooperation, friendly relations with the post-Pan-Havenic Twenty Years' War states of Hryvatia, Akimonad and Adenia, and poor relations with Doomingsland, Cotland, Osthafen and Zukariaa. A lasting rivalry was kindled toward the newly-formed United Solar Republics during the Hryvatio-Solar War of 1903–1905, the effects of which can still be noted in modern times in the disputes of portions of the Juno-Solar border.

In 1962, Su Peijun of the Democratic-Progressive Party, was elected as the President of Jeuna. With a Dem-Prog majority in the National Parliament, elected the previous year in 1961, Su embarked on a sweeping campaign to enact legislation that was variously Keynesian, monetarist, egalitarian and socialist. In late 1963 Jeuna entered a recession, which was to become the Jeunese Financial Crisis. The new government's measures to revive the failing economy only made matters worse, and by 1964 the whole country was in an economic depression. Southeast and West Jeuna seemed close to revolt, and Su's approval rating was dropping fast.

On 10 June, 1964, Karsukian insurgents raided an armoury in Garč-üney, appropriating the weapons therein and killing seven guards in the process, in what was known as the Garč-üney Raid. This was the beginning of the Karsukian Insurgency, which lasted from 1964–1973. The Insurgency was accompanied by the Yingang Revolts in 1964, which devastated the city. In 1967, Qiu Xinyi, also a Democratic-Progressive, was elected to the Presidency on a more mild but still egalitarian and Keynesian platform. By 1970 his reputation had sunk below 12 percent.

The economic collapse and conflicts forever destroyed the Democratic-Progressive Party as a viable force in Jeuna. Kong Xingheng, of the Kunghotang, was elected in 1972 on a more cosmopolitan platform than other Kunghotang party members, who stripped the Journal of Federal Law of the legislation of both Su and Qiu and set Jeuna's economy on the path to recovery. Under his presidency, the Karsukian Insurgency lost much of its impetus, with several of the more articulate leaders of the movement given pardons by Kong. An attempt to revive the Insurgency based on Karsuk nationalism made by a group of disgruntled Karsuk national-socialists, formerly fighters in the Insurgency, was met with disapproval in villages that had already seen the return of prosperity, and the leaders were arrested and executed by Jeunese authorities. Kong was the first of the so-called New Money Group of the Kunghotang, who were both more adamantly capitalist and socially libertarian.

In 1997, Weng Fa was elected as President on a more socially conservative though still avowedly capitalist platform. Weng served until 2007, when his successor Fan Banou, of much the same temperament, was elected.

Government and politics

Main article: Politics of Jeuna

The politics of Jeuna take place in a framework of a parliamentary, democratic republic, and of a de facto one-party system, ruled by the Kunghotang. Other parties exist, but have little power; dissent is mainly propagated by factions within the Kunghotang. Jeuna has been a democratic republic since 7 September, 1901, when the Cheng Dynasty was overthrown after the Xinchou Revolution. The Constitution was promulgated on 1 January, 1903.

The President of Jeuna is elected for five years by the parliament sitting jointly with 83 regional delegates. The President, as head of state, is the figurehead of the Jeunese nation, and is the point of connection between the three branches of government, much as the Emperor was in the days of Imperial Jeuna. The President is also the commander-in-chief of the Jeunese Armed Forces. The president nominates the Premier and the other government ministers, and signs off on laws passed by Parliament. In his role as a guardian of the Constitution, he may reject outright any unconstitutional law, without chance of Parliamentary circumvention.

Jeuna elects a Parliament consisting of a single house, which has 7,133 members that have been popularly and directly elected from a pool of land-owners of at least 30 years, through a electoral system based upon the single transferable vote. All Jeunese citizens 25 years of age and older can vote. Parliament is elected for a maximum of seven years, but may be dissolved by the President before the expiration of their normal term if the Parliament is unable to elect a stable government.

The Jeunese judicial system is based on the law codes of the Ming Dynasty, modified by Kampferian law and later statutes. The Supreme Court of Jeuna is the court of last resort for most disputes, and the Constitutional Court of Jeuna rules on the conformity of laws with the Constitution.

Military

Main article: Jeunese Armed Forces

Jeuna's military is composed of three branches, which are the Corps of Military Police, Army and Navy, collectively known as the Jeunese Armed Forces. The commander-in-chief of the military is the President, and the Armed Forces are under the command of the Ministry of National Defence. The Jeunese Navy is a blue-water navy, with nine aircraft carriers, with another under construction, and nine helicopter/commando carriers, with three more under construction. Jeuna possesses nuclear weapons. Jeuna maintains no reserve reserve forces, but does maintain several paramilitary auxiliaries, consisting of the Naval Auxiliary and numerous local and provincial militias.

The total budget of the Jeunese Armed Forces is $454 billion, 1.16 percent of Jeuna's GDP, giving it the nth highest budget in the world, with 2,167,363 active troops, making it the 36th largest military in the world. In 2010, the Jeunese Army had a reported strength of 1,661,838 personnel, and the Navy 433,870. Additionally, the CMP reported 71,655 personnel.

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Jeuna

Jeuna administrates twenty provinces. There are also four provincial municipalities and two autonomous regions.

Geography and climate

Main article: Geography of Jeuna

Jeuna is a mostly mountainous country, with a central coastal basin.

Jeuna is the 11th largest country in Aerova after Callander, and is the 39th largest in the world. Jeuna is bordered by Daibac to the north, the Green Sea to the east, Terra di Vittorio to the south and the United Solar Republics to the west. Jeuna lies between the 16th and 21st northern parallels, giving it a broadly tropical climate.

Coastal and south-central lowlands

Main article: Central Jeuna Plain

Located in the east, northeast and southeast, as well as the south-central area, these lowlands consist of a broad, hot, fertile alluvial plain. Punctuating this plain are several large volcanoes of the Wushan mountain range, including wat just outside of wat, and wat near wat. The lowland area runs from the Gulf of Chuahong to Jeuna's border with Terra di Vittorio. The northern areas are more forested, while the south is prone to flooding, being no more than three metres above sea level and sometimes only one metre or less, and is dominated by the Lancang River. The complex system of irrigation, attributed to Yu the Great in the early 23rd century BC, provided Jeunese civilisation with the means to rapidly expand, and today is the most populous region of the country, with more than a third of the nation's population. Hundreds of types of birds and primates can be found on the coast. The Indo-Jeunese leopard, Indo-Jeunese Tiger and Giant Panda are also endemic to this region.

Central and western highlands

The central and western highlands are an upland region away from the Green Sea coast, with a cooler climate than the coastal lowlands. About a quarter of the country's agriculture takes place in this region, with lychees and strawberries grown on the higher slopes during the winter months. Oaks, pines, hickories, mountain elms, maples, bamboo, teak, moss, ferns and orchids are abundant in the cloud forests of the region. The Xiamen tiger can be found in the northern upland area of this region, as can the Red Panda and the Nyctereutes procyonoides orestes species of Raccoon Dog.

Western grasslands and steppe

Further to the west, the precipitous peaks of the Dhumalas, of which the Wushan Mountains (including Mt Budang, which hosts Jeuna's highest point), and the Karsukian Mountains are but a part, extend south-west to north-east, flanking Daibac and forming a natural buffer. Beyond the Karsukian Mountains lie vast swathes of steppe and some desert areas. The Corsac Fox and Zeren are native to this area.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Jeuna

Jeuna's rapid industrialisation during Tung Kang-han's modernization project has been referred to as the "Jeunese miracle". During this time, flows of capital were freed from state control, quotas and protectionist tariffs were eliminated. Tung fervently pursued a policy of national education, utilizing Western sources which he invited into Jeuna, in the process expanding both the intellectual elite and the fledgling middle class, while amalgamating many of the poor into the new middle class. Tung also sponsored several infrastructure projects, particularly rail lines, which led to the rise of Fang-Kong, ldc. & Co. ldp.—at the time only known as Fang Locomotive Company—as one of Jeuna's premier locomotive producers (later designers). An influx of Western scholars to teach and businessmen to employ the Jeunese in work extracting the extensive mineral resources in the Jeunese mountains, and Tung's shrewd management of reactionary elements and the Western businessmen themselves, laid the foundation for Jeuna's further growth as a modern country. Many of the most successful Jeunese merchants, notably Cui Bintai, who went on to found Cui Armaments and carve out a place in the market for Jeunese munitions, were first employed in Western-run factories.

During the 1960s, the Democratic-Progressive Party came to power and enacted a series of reforms intended to give the government control over the business cycle in order to mitigate losses. These policies resulted in economic stagnation, which sparked the Yingang Riots and the Karsukian Insurgency. The election of Kunghotang politician Kong Xingheng in 1972 marked the return of free-market capitalism in Jeuna.

Today, Jeuna has a dynamic, capitalist, export-driven economy with little state intervention in investment and foreign trade. Real growth has averaged about nine-and-one-half per cent during the past fifty years. Exports have provided the primary impetus for continued industrialization. The trade surplus is substantial, and foreign reserves are among the world's largest. Agriculture comprises only six per cent of the gross domestic product, down from thirty per cent in 1920. Jeuna has become a foreign investor in Questers, Hryvatia and Shikarta.

Jeuna is dominated by medium- and small-sized businesses, given its high entrepreneurial resources, making it a polypoly. Jeuna maintains no central bank, and competitive currencies make up the media of exchange. The most popular, as of 2010, is the Jeunese yin, issued by the Bank of Xiuhu.

The south of Jeuna is known as the "rice bowl of Aerova", producing almost 80% of the world's rice supply.^{[factuality questioned]} Black and Red Cutch are also cultivated here, as is sugarcane, and fishing is an important industry for coastal settlements. Grain crops are mainly found in the north coastal and inland regions.

Several species of acacia, including Atraentese Acacia, Afzelia Xylay and Assyrian plum, as well as Jeunese Chestnut, are cultivated in the central highlands, and the majority of natural gas fields are located in this area. Mines producing antimony, bauxite, chromium, fluorite, gold, gypsum, iron, lead, lignite, natural phosphates, tantalum, tin, tungsten and zinc lie in this area. Precious stones are also mined here, including sapphires, pearls, rubies and jade. Jeuna's "Valley of Rubies" is a large source of the world's rubies, and accounts for much of the gem trade of Jeuna.

Transport

Main article: Transport in Jeuna

The Donghai Bridge is an iconic feature of Jeuna's rail system.

Jeuna's transport network is entirely privatised. Across Jeuna, there is a road network of 501,948 kilometres (311,896 mi) of main roads with a motorway network of 37,424 kilometres (23,254 mi). There are a further 2,287,469 kilometres (1,421,367 mi) of paved roads; mostly in developed areas, while western areas, such as Karsukia, have fewer paved roads. The rail network of 776,915 km (482,753 miles) carries over 150,000 passenger trains and 50,000 freight trains daily. Urban rail networks are well developed in Yingang, Xiuhu and other cities. Passenger rail is the most popular form of transit, both regionally and within cities and metropolitan areas in general.

Xiuhu International Airport, located 17 km (10.5 mi) south of Xiuhu, is Jeuna's busiest airport. Most air traffic in Jeuna is international in origin.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Jeuna

See also: List of cities in Jeuna, List of ethnic groups in Jeuna, and Religion in Jeuna

The population of Jeuna was estimated in July 2009 at 522,943,750. 72% of Jeunese people are Ming Jeunese, a Jinitic people, but there are numerous minority populations. The largest of these are the Tong people, followed by the Hechu, and Hmong and Bizika people. Under the Cheng Dynasty, the Hechu minority persecuted Ming Jeunese and other ethnic groups on racial grounds. Hechu was the only allowable court language (although this was not effectual in later years, as even court officials sometimes did not learn Hechu), and bureaucratic positions were only appointed to Hechus (though this too was widely disregarded by the late Cheng era). Under the Republic of Jeuna, ethnic minorities were granted equal standing before the law of Jeuna.

Most of Jeuna's population growth is due to births. The ethnic groups with the highest relative increase by percent of the total population have been the Karsuks, Nanai and Oroqen.

Largest cities

See also: List of cities in Jeuna and List of cities in Jeuna by population

The figures below are from the 2010 census.

Largest cities of Jeuna								view • talk • edit
	City	Province-level division	Population	[[Image:\|border\|100px\|Yingang]] Yingang [[Image:\|border\|100px\|Xiuhu]] Xiuhu		City	Province-level division	Population
1	Yingang	Yingang	idk		11	idk	idk	idk
2	Xiuhu	Bingku	idk		12	idk	idk	idk
3	Tieshan	Lioanan	idk		13	idk	idk	idk
4	Shuangjiang	Shuangjiang	idk		14	idk	idk	idk
5	Xinbu	Xinbu	idk		15	idk	idk	idk
6	Nanjing	Soujiao	idk		16	idk	idk	idk
7	Tongkou	Dayue	idk		17	idk	idk	idk
8	idk	Jingdajiang	idk		18	idk	idk	idk
9	Shanwo	Angu	idk		19	idk	idk	idk
10	Fenggang	Lingbei	idk		20	idk	idk	idk

Culture

Main article: Jeunese culture

Jeuna has a long history of sporting tradition. Some argue that soccer originated in Jeuna as early as 1000 AD.

Dragon boat racing (a form of crew) is a widely popular traditional sport in the low countries. Other popular sports include martial arts, wrestling, horse racing, badminton, golf, cricket and to a lesser degree tennis. A fledgling league of American football (gridiron) players has been formed, but it has not yet caught on in a wide sense. Skiing is a popular hobby and sport in Central Jeuna. Physical fitness is held in high regard, and many Jeunese daily practice some form of martial art, even elder Jeunese. Archery and equestrian sports are integral to Qarsuk culture.

References and notes

Political divisions of Jeuna	Provinces (省)
For a larger map, see here.	Angu (暗谷) Bingku (兵庫) Chongjian (充建) Chuankuai (巛快) Dayue (大月)	Fuquan (福泉) Guozhu (過瀦) Heilin (黑林) Jiangdong (江東) Jingdajiang (靖大江)	Lanhai (藍海) Liaonan (遼南) Lingbei (岺北) Sanshui (三水) Shanbei (山北)	Shichuan (石川) Soujiao (藪湫) Tiyuan (逷原) Xiaonan (霄南) Xueyuan (雪苑)
	Autonomous regions (自治區)		Provincial municipalities (省市)
	Guangbei (廣北自主區) Karsukia (匤速自主區)		Qiao (峭省市) Shuangjiang (雙江省市) Xinbu (新埠省市) Yingang (廕岡省市)