Chevrokia
From WikiStates
| Sjevråkiske Republikk (sj) Sjevrákiska Lýðveldið (se) Ripuvlicana Chevrocia (co) Chevrokian Republic
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| Motto: Frihet er verdt mer enn gull (Chevrokian for "Freedom is worth more than gold") |
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| Anthem: Hail Chevrokia |
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Location of Chevrokia
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| Capital (and largest city) |
Duntåvsbyen | |||||
| Official languages | Chevrokian de facto | |||||
| Recognised regional languages | Seflandic, Cohenian, English | |||||
| Demonym | Chevrokian (sjevråkmann) | |||||
| Government | Federal constitutional republic | |||||
| - | President | Olav Jagland | ||||
| - | President of the Senate | Åge Lindgård | ||||
| Establishment | ||||||
| - | Arrival of Erik Torbjørnsson | 1057 | ||||
| - | Act of Union | October 3, 1725 | ||||
| - | Civil War Era | 1865 - 1948 | ||||
| - | Chevrokian Republic | October 27, 1949 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 7,459,964 km² 2,880,308 sq mi |
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| - | Chevrokia Proper | 4,348,064 km2 1,678,796 sq mi |
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| - | Overseas Holdings | 3,111,900 km2 1,201,511 sq mi |
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| Population | ||||||
| - | 2009 estimate | 4,213,350,410 | ||||
| - | Density | 564.79/km² 1,462.8/sq mi |
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| GDP (nominal) | 2009 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $168.983 trillion | ||||
| - | Per capita | $40,106 | ||||
| Currency | Chevrokian krone [1] (CHK) |
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| Time zone | KMT+6, +7, +8 | |||||
| Internet TLD | .cr | |||||
| Calling code | +287 | |||||
Chevrokia (pronounced /ʃɛvrokiə/), officially the Chevrokian Republic (Chevrokian: Sjevråkiske Republikk; Seflandic: Sjevrákiska Lýðveldið; Cohenian: Ripuvlicana Chevrocia), and also sometimes known as the Republic of Chevrokia, is a federal constitutional republic, situated on a large island, known as Chevrokia Proper (Stor-Sjevråkija) in the eastern part of the Haven region.
The nearest foreign territory to Chevrokia Proper is the nation of Ichkeriya, 1,500 km to the west. The overseas Hjeltland and Førisvøllir districts border; on the north, the Space Union territory of Ferrum Lupus; on the west, the nation of Akimonad; on the southwest, the Questarian Akimonadiland territory; and on the east, the disputed territory of Muncheria, formerly a colony of No Endorse. The overseas territory Chevrokian Ytterbia in west Haven borders; on the northwest, the Akimonadi territory of Ytterbia; and to the southeast, the Shansekian territory of Tenora. The overseas territory of Båhus borders, on the northeast, the Cottish colony of Trøndelag.
Populated initially only by small bands of native tribes, the arrival of Cottish explorers and settlers during the 11th and 12th centuries AD formed the beginnings of Chevrokian civilization. Chevrokia was first fully unified in 1725, and after a lengthy and bloody civil war during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was reunified in 1949, taking on the current federal constitutional republic form. Only during the late 1970s and early 1980s did the economy finally start to rapidly distance from the post-war wreck. Chevrokia is currently a member nation of the Royal Georgian League, Sovereign League, and the G19, as well as a signatory of the Lantol Accord and the now-defunct Kingston Pact.
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Etymology
According to the sagas written by Æiríkur Þorvaldsson in the 13th century AD, the first word known to have been used to refer to the land which is now Chevrokia is sjóvarríki. From Old Cottish / Old Chevrokian, the first part, sjóvar, refers to something "by the sea." The second part, ríki, can mean either "kingdom" or "realm," and it is generally thought to have been the later. Literally, this translates to a "realm by the sea," as the earliest settlements were on the coast, or not too far inland.
The word remained in use for referring to the landmass as a whole, though no state used the name until Chevrokia first unified in 1725. By this time many changes had occurred; with the arrival of Christianity in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, the Latin -ia noun suffix became added; the /œ/ sound of the ó character was replaced with /e/; the rr was replaced with a single r; a j was added to the -ia suffix to produce a harder /ya/ sound; and the í was replaced with /aa/,which was represented by aa in Chevrokian writing until standardization in the later 18th century fixed this as the new character å. Through this process, the modern word Sjevråkija was formed.
In English, the most common formal name for the modern state is The Chevrokian Republic, otherwise known in the local form Den Sjevråkiske Republikk or more commonly Sjevråkiske Republikk. Also commonly used is the Cohenian form Ripuvlicana Chevrocia, literally meaning "Republic of Chevrokia." In the seflandsk dialect (See Languages), the terms Sjevrákia and Sjevrákiska Lýðveldið are used. The word lýðveldi is a composite word derived from Old Chevrokian, made up of two parts; lýðr, meaning "crowd"; and veldi, meaning "power." Thus, the word literally means "crowd power," or more appropriately "power of the crowd," and is used to refer to a republic.
History
Early History
In 1345 the Kingdom of Båhusland (Kongedømmet Båhusland) was proclaimed, covering a major part of the eastern mainland; encompassing most of the modern Federal and Torsvøllir districts, as well as the eastern part of Tellerbyen, and all of Høyland, Sør-Sjevråkija, and Øskemaark districts. About a decade later, a rival state was established by the federation of western and southwestern city-states in the Kingdom of Hårjedalen (Kongedømmet Hårjedalen), in 1352. Although they were de facto rivals, Båhusland and Hårjedalen more often than not worked together in a loose alliance, which culminated in the elimination of the Confederation of the Holy States of Fenmårk in 1550.
The loose alliance between Båhusland and Hårjedalen also amounted to inter-marriage of the royal families of the two states, which eventually resulted in King Erik III of Båhusland also taking the crown of Hårjedalen in 1596. The next year, the two crowns were unified in a treaty signed in the city of Minøt, and thus often referred to as the Minøt Union (Minøtunionen). This only entailed a union of the crowns; each state largely maintained its own parliament, armed forces, and even foreign policy.
Government
The Chevrokian government is structured as a federal constitutional republic. There is a central government in the capital Duntovostok, as well as (currently) eleven district governments, and two autonomous territorial governments. District governments are structured in a manner much like the federal government, with their purpose being to conduct government affairs on behalf of the federal government; thus permitting a balance between the central government and local governments. District governments have their own legislatures with which to pass laws on a local level, provided that these do not conflict with national laws; laws thought to be in conflict with the national constitution may be brought up in the Senatorial Court.
Executive
The President and his Cabinet form the executive branch of the Chevrokian government, and take care of day-to-day affairs of running the country. The current President of the Chevrokian Republic, as the title is formally, is Olav Jagland. There are no formal requirements for the President to hold office, apart from a minimum age of 30 years and Chevrokian citizenship. Elections are held every five years for the office, with the winner determined by a simple majority, or first past the post.
The President is assisted in his activities by a Cabinet, whose members are appointed by the President. In decades past the Cabinet was quite large, consisting of around a dozen members representing several branches of the Chevrokian government. With the substantial reduction in size of the Chevrokian bureaucracy since the 1980s, today's Cabinet consists of just five members; the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Jens Gunnar Nygård; the Secretary of Defense, Harald Gustav; the Secretary of Finance, Terje Aleksander Halvorsen; the Secretary of the Interior, Vilhelm Lange; and the Attorney General, Einar Rolf Pedersen, who provides input from the judicial branch on the executive decision making.
Legislative
The Chevrokian Senate is the legislative branch of the Chevrokian government. A unicameral legislature, the number of members of the Senate, or Senators, is based upon proportional representation by population. Typically there are 10 Senators for each of the current 57 counties, with each Senator currently representing about 7.5 million persons, though this can change depending on districting and population growth/decline. Each member of the Senate is elected for a period of Every member of the Senate represents one vote cast, independent of requirements from other sources; with voting based upon the first past the post system. At present there are 570 members of the Senate representing counties on the mainland and in the Hjeltland Region, plus two each from the overseas territories of Chevrokian Ytterbia and Båhus; thus giving a total of 574 members.
General Elections for the Senate are typically held every five years, although occasionally Special Elections may be held between the five-year intervals. The current body of the Senate is composed of the following nine parties, with the number of seats held for each party:
| Affiliation | Members |
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| Liberal Party (Liberalparti) | 288 | |
| Conservative Party (Høyre) | 102 | |
| Labour Party (Arbeiderparti) | 87 | |
| Centre Party (Senterparti) | 37 | |
| Socialist Party (Sosialistparti) | 20 | |
| Christian Democrat Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 17 | |
| Confederation Party (Konfødersasjonparti) | 17 | |
| Green Party (Grønparti) | 4 | |
| Chevrokian National Party (Sjevråkiske Nasjonalparti) | 2 | |
| Total |
574 | |
Judicial
Commonly, the lowest level courts are at the township level, or in the cases where it applies, at the ward level. These courts are presided over by the governing councils of the administrative unit, and are primarily responsible for civil cases and arbitrating disputes, as well as minor criminal cases which occurred within the limits of their jurisdiction.
The district level courts, of which there are 11, are the second-highest level courts in the nation overall, and the highest level commonly used. Major criminal cases, such as those where the crime in question encompassed multiple counties, are typically the responsibility of district courts. District courts are also (typically) the courts which cover the highest level of appeal, for both criminal and civil cases.
Unusual as compared to many nations, the highest court in Chevrokia is an extension of the legislature, known as the Senatorial Court, or sometimes as the Federal Court. Established at the birth of the Republic, the Senatorial Court is based heavily on the Praetonian model, and functions much in the same way. The Court is presided over by the President of the Senate, and though trial by jury is practiced and both sides are allowed counsel, members of the Senate are allowed to cross-examine witnesses called to the court, and make their own closing remarks. Since this has a tendency to dramatically extend the length of a trial, it is rare for cases to be deemed important enough to be appealed to the federal level.
Administrative divisions
Chevrokia is dividied into 11 first-level administrative regions known as distrikter (Districts, singular distrikt), 57 second-level regions known as fylker (Counties, singular fylke), followed by third-level regions known as bygder (Townships, singular bygde). The creation and/or adjustment of districts is done in the federal Senate, by request of the territory or territories in question. The creation and adjustment of counties is done on the basis of population, by act of county governments or by cooperation between counties in the event necessary. Chevrokian control also consists of two overseas territories; Båhus and Chevrokian Ytterbia, located much further away from the mainland, which are administered through the Department of Overseas Territories.
Foreign relations
Chevrokia maintains diplomatic and commercial relations with most nations, but in recent years Chevrokia's strongest foreign relations have been with the other members of the Georgian League; Praetonia, Clandonia, Cotland, and Shansekia. Relations are also excellent with Akimonad and Franberry, as well as Anglosphere nations such as Cravan, Willink and Questers; the latter of which hosts a Chevrokian forward airbase at RAF Whittaker in the Lobster Coast state.
Relations are currently cold with the nations of the Havenic Union of Neutral States (HUNS), particularly with Osthafen, with whom Chevrokia is currently in a formal state of war with. The primary source of tension with Osthafen stemmed from the long-running problem with regards to the disputed territory of Muncheria, currently under occupation by both Chevrokia and Osthafen, but has now grown to include Osthafen's support for Krendakov and their declaration of war on Clandonia.
Foreign relations are categorized into five categories and they are, from lowest to highest: Belligerent, Unfavorable, Neutral, Favorable, and Allied.
Military
Chevrokian Army soldier during winter training operations.
The Chevrokian Department of Defense is the cabinet-level government agency responsible for the operation of the Chevrokian armed forces. The primary task of the Department is to train and equip military forces for the defense of Chevrokian territory and interests. The military is divided into three major service branches; the Army (Hæren), Republic Navy (Republikanske Marine), and Republic Air Force (Republikanske Flyvåpen), with smaller sub-branches for each service. The overall head of the military is the President, as commander-in-chief, though normal day-to-day operations are typically handled by the Secretary of Defense and the chiefs-of-staff of the service branches. The Chevrokian military is currently an all-volunteer force, with a total active force consisting of roughly 24 million personnel. Deployments of active duty combat forces are currently in place with the Georgian League allies, as well as the previously mentioned contingent of the Republic Air Force to southern Questers. Forces providing logistical support are also deployed to territories under Willinkian and Cravanian control. GeographyThe Chevrokian Republic consists of only a relatively moderate geographical size, but taking into account all Chevrokian holdings, spans a very wide area within the region of Haven. The Chevrokian mainland is situated in the KMT+7 timezone, the Hjeltland Region in KMT+4 and +5, Båhus in KMT-1, and Chevrokian Ytterbia in KMT-3. Using just Chevrokia Proper, the farthest separated points from west to east are roughly 3,300 km apart. TopographyChevrokia Proper: Much of the southern part of the Chevrokian mainland consists of extensive plains, composing almost the entirety of the Torsvøllir and Sør-Sjevråkija districts, as well as roughly the southern two-thirds of Høyland and southern one-fourth of Vardø-Cøhenerlag districts. The rest of Vardø-Cøhenerlag and all of the Fenmårk and Øskemårk districts consist of a series of low mountain ranges surrounded by varying levels of forests; the Sørbeleja in the Vardø-Cøhenerlag district; the Nordbeleja in the Fenmårk district, and the Kvitfjeller in the Øskemårk district. The northern third of the Høyland district is heavily composed of rolling hills. The Tellerbyen and Sefland districts are largely maritime, heavily mountainous, and contain a number of long, deep fjords. Hjeltland: Much of the geography of Hjeltland could be considered similar to that of the mainland. From an area spanning roughly from the Torshavn-Kent Railroad north to the border with Ferrum Lupus lies the Nordhjeltlandsletter (North Hjeltland Plain). The Sentralhjeltlandsletter (Central Hjeltland Plain) is located in the area between the Romsdal and Karmøy rivers. From the southeastern border area with Osthafen and along most of the length of the border with Muncheria lies the Grønfjeller mountain range. Førisvøllir: The eastern part of this district consists of small plains and rolling hills. The southern and north central border areas of Førisvøllir are lined with the mountains of the Borkovo range. The area on the windward side of the Borkovo mountains has many thick forests. Chevrokian Ytterbia: The majority of this territory consists of rolling hills and a few low mountains, with thick forests in some areas. Båhus: The southern frontiers of Båhus are made up of thick, tropical rainforests, and rolling hills; the central region is dominated by nearly flat savanna; and along the northern border with Trøndelag lies low mountains of the NAME range. ClimateThe climate of the Chevrokian mainland is the result of several contributing factors. First, deep water zones containing relatively cold water off the southwest and east coasts and thus long distances away from warm regulating ocean currents result in the dominance of continental and subarctic climate zones. Second, the mountains in the west and north prevent the inflow of warm air masses, thus leading to the mainland being more open to cold air masses moving from the northwest. In most of the mainland there are only two distinct seasons – summer and winter; with spring and autumn being typically brief periods of transition between very high and very low temperatures. January is typically the coldest month on the mainland, while July and August are typically the warmest months. Beyond the coastal zones, which are typically moderate by comparison, the difference between seasons can be quite extreme; places which can become dangerously cold and receive large amounts of snow in the winter can occasionally become dangerously hot in the summer and almost always humid. The leeward (east) side of the Sørbeleja mountains is the driest area of the mainland, experiencing a semi-arid climate. For the most part, the Hjeltland Region is a more temperate area, climate-wise. Coastal areas are generally warm to mild most of the year, with temperatures rarely dropping below freezing during winter months. Inland Hjeltland and much of the Førisvøllir district have warm summers and mild to cold and wet winters. The part of Førisvøllir on the windward side of the Borkovo range, particularly near the borders with Akimonad and Questarian Akimonadiland can be especially hot in summer due to the near-tropical climate. Mountainous areas are universally cold during winters and marked with large snowfalls. Chevrokian Ytterbia is dominated by a coastal Mediterranean climate, while Båhus is similarly dominated by a tropial savanna climate. Natural hazards mostly consist of violent blizzards in the central regions during the winter months, with scattered periods of intense thunderstorms during the summer, which can spawn tornadoes. Coastal areas both on the mainland and in Hjeltland often experience heavy sea-effect snowfall. Coastal regions sometimes experience violent windstorms and large waves, though hurricanes reaching the Chevrokian mainland are exceptionally rare as a result of the mostly cold deep-water regions off the western and eastern coasts. Extreme heat can be a problem in Chevrokian Ytterbia and Båhus, as can hurricanes during the summer months. EconomyDuring the 1960s, a number of self-proclaimed "reformist" groups, primarily associated with the Venstre and Labour parties, instituted policies to give the government more control over the economy. Concern over the possible loss of control over private economic affairs resulted in a decline in investments, which further resulted in economic stagnation until 1965, when the new Centre Party-headed coalition administration of Ole Kittelsen put a halt to economic reforms. After the assasination of Kittlesen in May of 1968, his Secretary of Foreign Affairs from the Labour Party, Hans Berg, assumed the Presidency and returned to working to implement Venstre's economic reforms, albeit in a more aggressive fashion. This created further concern about the future of the markets, further stagnation, and ultimately triggered a recession. The short-lived Berg administration saw what is considered by many to be the greatest Senate opposition to a standing Chevrokian administration since the Republic was formed, and the vast majority of the economic reform bills introduced by Berg to the Senate failed to pass on the grounds of being unconstitutional. Successive Conservative governments during the 1970s and 1980s largely maintained the status quo with regards to the policies enacted before them, and it was not until the Liberal Party administration of Trygve Pedersen that these policies were finally reversed. The modern Chevrokian economy is generally considered a good example of a capitalist, market economy, in which the government has very little involvement. With the exception of a brief recession during the late 1980s and early 1990s, the economy has remained steadily growing since the early 1970s, with significant increases in growth seen since the 1990s. This recent spike in growth is largely seen due to the deregulation and privatization policies of the Liberal Party administrations of Trygve Pedersen and Olav Jagland respectively, which includes the end of the government-endorsed monopoly of the chartered First Bank of the Republic. TransportationThe transportation network in Chevrokia is generally well-developed, and almost entirely operated by private transit companies. Initial movement towards large-scale privatization of the transportation network was conducted in the 1980s under the Conservative government of INSERTNAME, with the vast majority of transit in Chevrokia privatized during the Liberal governments of Pedersen and Jagland during the 1990s and early 2000s. Rail transport is still the least expensive method of long distance transport in Chevrokia, using well-established and typically well-maintained rail lines both in Chevrokia Proper and in the Hjeltland Region. Due to low costs, it is especially preferred for heavy transport of items which are not time-critical. Types of propulsion for rail transport is mixed, with diesel-electric, gas turbine-electric, and pure electric being the three most common motive systems. Pure electric trains are typically only used in urban areas with frequent stops, and on a few lines between nearby cities; harsh winter weather makes it difficult, and more importantly costly, to maintain electrified lines at long distances from major population centers. A notable rail network at least part in Chevrokian territory is the Kent-Torshavn Railroad, linking the Akimonadi capital Kent and the Hjeltland District capital Torshavn by a highly-developed and modern railway. The Kent-Torshavn Railroad has also been linked to important economic centers in Questarian Akimonadiland. Air transport is often considered the most profitable transport industry in Chevrokia, and is easily the most well-known and visible transport system in the country. type stuffs here The purchasing of aerial refueling aircraft, like those already operated by many military aviation forces, along with the establishment of operating bases overseas, has allowed major Chevrokian airline companies such as Chevrokian Airways and Chevrokian Havenic Airlines to, theoretically, operate non-stop flights to any location in Haven, in addition to regular connecting flights; with regularly-scheduled flights to locations as far away as Eeobroht in Cotland, Jesselton in Questers, and Varbola in Olmedreca being some of the longest in current use. Culture and populaceDemographics
By far the most dominant ethnic group in Chevrokia (at 60.5% of the populace) are Nordic peoples; consisting of descendants of the first migrants from Cotland, migrants from later years, and much smaller numbers of migrants from other nations such as Hamptonshire. Following several immigration waves from Cohenia and what is now Soviet Bloc during the period from 17th through the mid 19th centuries, and their subsequent descendants, the Eastern Slavs established themselves as the second largest ethnic group, currently listed as 34.2% as of 2007. Immigrants from the Havenic Anglosphere nations make up the third largest group at 3.7%. The remaining 1.6% consists of many different smaller groups in Chevrokia; the largest of these groups being Shansekians, Chechens, Muncherians (especially in the Hjeltland District), Sikhs and Adygheans, as well as Germans, native groups who lived in Chevrokia before the 11th century, Yuslevaks, Slovedons, Chruatians, and Kocobars, the latter four of which immigrated from former Yuslevakia following its collapse and the subsequent regional conflicts between its successor states. Currently Chevrokia has no formal official language; that is, no language mandated to by law to be spoken by the populace. As a result of the Nordic majority, predominantly sourcing from Cotland, the dominant spoken language is a close dialect of Cottish, typically known as Chevrokian (sjevråkisk). In some areas of the country, particularly in the Sefland District, a form of the Old Chevrokian language, commonly known as seflandsk, is still spoken by much of the populace. Cohenian was brought over by immigrants from Cohenia and Zyelyoniy Zemlya (now Soviet Bloc), largely during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Though heavily spoken by Slavic immigrants and dominant in areas populated by them, it never reached the status of a nationally-spoken language. English came into use due to trading and political relations with the Anglosphere nations, especially Praetonia, Cravan, and Questers; it is also spoken by the small Anglo population of Chevrokia.
SportChevrokia is noted as a nation which is highly involved in outdoors activities, throughout the year. The most popular leisure activities include fishing, hunting, and sailing. Popular competition sports include horse racing, marksmanship, and polo. The most popular winter sports include skiing (both cross-country and downhill), snowmobiling, and ice hockey; biathlon is also popular as a competition sport. Motor racing is also an especially popular sport in Chevrokia, with the most popular forms being rally racing and other forms of off road racing, due to the continuing presense of a large network of smaller, rural roads. Some of the largest events include; the Kristianstad-Aldeigjuborg Winter Rally of late January; the Torshavn-Kent Rally of early July, running through Hjeltland, northern Questarian Akimonadiland, and into Akimonad; and the newly organized Båhus Rally, which runs in August. Additionally, the current holder of the Havenic ice speed record is a Chevrokian, Harold Bjørnsson, having set a speed of 330.47 km/hr in 2005. Several other current Havenic land speed records are also held by Chevrokians, with summer runs made in the flats of the Neoliti Desert in western Cotland. One sport which is also quite popular in Chevrokia, though more limited in scope and participants, is the annual field gun competition for the armed forces. Imported from Praetonia during the 1990s by teams from the Imperial Praetonian Navy, the best teams in the Chevrokian military are determined through an elimination bracket competition, which will then go on to face teams from the other Georgian League nations in the RGL Field Gun Championship. Notes
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